Biblical Volume Units Converter

Convert ancient Hebrew and Biblical volume units (log, kab, hin, omer, seah, bath, ephah, kor/homer) to cubic meters, liters, and US gallons. Based on the standard equivalence of 1 bath ? 22 L.

Biblical Volume Unit Reference Table

All values relative to the bath (= 22 L) — the standard biblical liquid measure.

Related Volume Converters

• Volume Converter Hub
• Lumber Volume Converter
• Earth's Volume to Cubic Meter
• Liter to Cubic Meter
• Gallon to Cubic Meter

Ancient Biblical Volume Units

Biblical volume measurements were used throughout the ancient Near East and recorded in the Old Testament. Dry measures include the homer (the largest, ≈ 220 litres), kor (= 1 homer), ephah (1/10 homer ≈ 22 L), seah (1/3 ephah ≈ 7.3 L), omer (1/10 ephah ≈ 2.2 L), and cab (1/18 ephah ≈ 1.2 L). Liquid measures include the bath (= 1 ephah ≈ 22 L), hin (1/6 bath ≈ 3.7 L), and log (1/12 hin ≈ 0.31 L).

These units are referenced throughout the Bible in contexts of grain offerings, oil measurements, and trade. The exact equivalents are reconstructed by scholars from historical artifacts and cross-references; values vary slightly between Jewish and Babylonian traditions. Modern equivalents are approximate. These conversions are useful for biblical studies, archaeology, and understanding ancient trade and religious practices.

Biblical Volume Units Reference

Ancient Biblical Volume Units and Their Modern Equivalents

Biblical texts use several volume units that reflect ancient Near Eastern trade and daily life. The most referenced include the bath (liquid), the ephah (dry), the hin, the log, and the homer. The bath and ephah are equivalent in volume and are considered the standard liquid and dry measures respectively, each approximately 22 liters (5.8 US gallons) though estimates vary by source. The hin is approximately one-sixth of a bath, about 3.7 liters. The log is the smallest unit, approximately 0.3 liters (about 10 fl oz). The homer equals 10 baths, approximately 220 liters. These values are scholarly estimates based on archaeological jar inscriptions and textual analysis; exact equivalencies are uncertain by ±20% depending on the historical period and geographic region. Scholars of biblical archaeology, liturgical studies, and ancient economics use these conversions when analyzing resource accounts, agricultural descriptions, and ritual prescriptions in ancient texts.

Biblical Volume Reference Table